Basis-Training (3 days)

Lubrication, Friction and Wear

• Lubrication and Formation of lubricating film
• Hydrodynamic and hydrostatic lubrication
• Importance of viscosity and temperature
• Mechanisms of wear and their causes

Fundamentals of lubricants

• Mineral oils, partially synthetic and synthetic oils in comparison
• Charactersitics and areas of application of Mineral oils, hydrocrack, PAO, Ester oils and polyglycols, especially in the area of greases
• Types, active principle and application of lubricants addtives
• Grease thickener: Soap based and soap-free thickener, characteristic and important applications of particular thickener
• Environmental relevance of lubricants

Lubrication of turbines

• Tasks, requirements and characteristics of turbine oils
• Spezifications and VGB-guidelines
• Bearing and gear lubrication
• Control operating hydraulic
• Sorts and types of turbines and their specific requirements

Lubrication of compressors

• Tasks, requirements and characteristics of compressor oils
• Types of compressors and their lubrication requirements
• Selection of appropriate lubricating oils
• Influence of compacting gas on lubricant (air, processing gas, biologic gas, cooling agent)

Isolating oils

• Tasks, requirements and characteristics
• Oil monitoring via conventional analysis techniques
• Lifecycle-management for electirc Transformators through condition monitoring via gas-in-oil-analysis (DGA)

Operational alterations of lubricating oils

• Application-specific strain and oil aeging
• Causes for sludge formation and varnish
• Oil oxidation, hydrolysis and cracking
• Reduction of antioxidants and other additives
• Contamination through water, dust and external oils
• Air content and foam formation
• Diesel effect and cavitation
• Visible changes: cloudiness, contamination and phase separation

Oil ageing and sediments in turbine oil systems

• Sorts of sediments and their consequences in lubircating oil systems
• Causes of varnish and other sediments as consequence of altered System requirements and oil chemistry ancillary conditions
• Actions for recognition, avoidance and removal of sediments

Filtration and oil care

• Oil change or oil care
• Oil cleanliness, life span and reliability
• Filtertypes: effectiveness and areas of application
• Removal of soild and liquid sediments
• Oil care concepts, operational and installation filtration

Oil analysis for lubricants in power plants

• Oil analyses
  Why, when, how often?
  Methods and tools for taking samples
  Necessary information, sample receipt
  Customer portal: laboratory reports, sample input, searches
  Data transfer to a maintenance programme.
• Analysis method
  Analysis set, areas of application and significance
  Determination of wear parameters: element analysis, PQ index, optical particle analysis
  Characteristic values for the oil condition: viscosity, oxidation, etc.
  Additive degradation: antioxidants, FT-IR and RULER, BN and AN
  Impurities: Water and particles, cleanliness classes, soot, sludge, tramp oils, blending
• Evaluation of laboratory values
  Define warning and limit values
  Recognising known oil types on the laboratory report
  Evaluating reports from the field

Oil analyses to clarify the causes of damage

• Recognizing the causes of wear and damage
• Reasons for vibration (noise) or high temperature
• Reduced power transfer
• Increased foam formation
• Turbidity, dark coloration
• Deposits, sludge formation
• Shortened filter service life and filter blockages